Mqm leaders
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In the 1990 general elections, the MQM won fifteen seats in the National Assembly, remaining the third largest party. Shortly after the election, however, the coalition between the PPP and the MQM broke down, and the two parties' subsequently troubled relations contributed greatly to the instability of Bhutto's first government.
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This marked the first of several times in the 1980s and 1990s that the MQM joined coalition governments in Islamabad or in Sindh province. MQM joined a coalition government at the national level headed by Benazir Bhutto's Pakistan People's Party (PPP), which took power in elections following the death of military leader General Zia ul-Haq. MQM support of the PPP made it possible for Benazir Bhutto to form a government and become prime minister. MQM won thirteen (out of 207) seats in the National Assembly in the 1988 elections, making it the third largest party in the assembly after the PPP and the IJI.
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The MQM's full political weight was first felt in the 1988 elections. Just three years after its founding, the MQM came to power in these and other Sindh cities in local elections in 1987 (AI U.S. It was after these riots that the MQM leadership converted the movement into a political party. These disturbances brought prominence and notoriety to the MQM and its leader, Altaf Hussain. The MQM played an active role in the ethnic riots in Karachi in the winter of 1986-87. Meanwhile, violence between the MQM and Sindhi groups routinely broke out in Karachi and other Sindh cities (AI Jane's ). Using both violence and efficient organizing, the MQM became the dominant political party in Karachi and Hyderabad, another major city in Sindh. Known in English as the National Movement for Refugees, the MQM soon turned to extortion and other types of racketeering to raise cash. At the time, Mohajirs were advancing in business, the professions, and the bureaucracy, but many resented the quotas that helped ethnic Sindhis win university slots and civil service jobs. The MQM's political strength came primarily from the urban areas of Sindh, and its main emphasis was on securing better job opportunities for muhajirs, along with enriching the education system, providing healthcare to all, abolishing the feudal land-ownership system, and providing a comprehensive economic plan to alleviate poverty. At a large public meeting in Karachi in 1986, the MQM expressed the political and economic demands of the muhajir community.
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The MQM had its origin in the All-Pakistan Muhajir Students Organization at Karachi University. Founded by Altaf Hussain in 1984, the MQM had a meteoric rise in the political life of the country. The Mohajir Qaumi Mahaz (sometimes written Muhajir, and Mahaz meaning "Movement," also abbreviated MQM), a party formed to represent the interests of the muhajir community in Pakistan. The MQM has been known for its leaders' lust of power than for their concern for the Muhajirs, who still find themselves somewhat rootless in their adopted country. MQM has its biggest base in Karachi, the largest city in the country and the financial capital, where by one estimate the Muhajirs constitute about 60 percent of the population.
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The Muttahida (earlier, Muhajir) Qaumi Movement (MQM) claims to represent the Muhajirs (those who migrated from India after the partition, and their descendants).